India Independence and partition......................

Facts which people generally don't know and no one bothered to find. I got this enriching and eye opener article at some page. The question was:

If there was no Hitler, no world War II, India would have become independent by 1942.

The Gandhi Irwin Pact in 1932 set the foundation of the transfer of powers of India as a dominion. Though Gandhi had modified the demands to Purna swarajya.

The 1935 India Act passed and devolved the powers to Indian provinces.

Each of 11 provinces would elect a PM called Premier to differentiate from Prime Minister of England and other dominions.

1935 had Viceroy council elections under this act,
77 seats only, Congress won 44 and Congress Nationalists (future BJP) won 11. 55 out of 77.

Then under that administration, the provincial elections took place.

Congress winning most seats. Muslim League won 110 of 486 muslim seats. minuscle minority of minority of seats. Congress won 707 direct seats plus nationalists and other allies on 17 July 1937,

Congress goverments formed 1937

Govind Ballabh Pant was PM of UP,
Rajgopalachari as PM of Madras,
Saadulah headed coalition with Congress in Assam,
BG Kher was PM of Bombay of alliance with Ambedkar and DSP
SriKrishna Sinha swept Bihar
NB Khare won the Central provinces
Dr. Khan won the muslim majority NWFP
Biswanath Das won Orissa

Sindh was a hung government and local British governor played with vested interests

Punjab was muslim majority
Dr Sikandar Hyatt allied with Sir Chhotu Ram won secular Unioniist party govt
(why is Sikandar hyatt familiar to you guys, Veer Zaara zaara was his great granddaughter!!)

Fazlul Haq formed KPK European ML alliance govt as Prime Minister of Bengal.
(he never used title Premier, but actual title Prime Minister of Bengal)

In Punjab:
Unionists won 95 (Union of India), Khalsa got 14, Hindu nationalists 11, Congress

18, Akalis 10, Muslim league just 1 seat and 26 others in 175 seats.

In Bengal:
Situation was strange, 250 seats, 23 independents won backed by Zamindars

Krishak Praja Party of AK Fazlul Haq won 36 seats, allied with Muslim league 40

against Congress 54 Mahasabha 32
europeans won 25, Independent scheduled castes won 23.

IN NWFP, Congress won 19 seats and 7 more were won by Hindu Nationalists plus some

muslim allies of Congress. They easily formed govt with 30 members of 50.

In Bombay, Congress won 88 of 175 seats (contested just 110); its allies Ambedkar's ILP won 12 (plus 2 independents) and Tilak's DSP won 5

Sindh had Sindhi parties winning 29 seats of 60 including Shah Nawaz Bhutto's United

Party (modern PPP) with 22 though Bhutto lost. Congress won 8 plus allies 2,

Mahasabha won 11.
The issue and politics of sindh did not allow stable ministry for long time.

in 1937, Jinnah suggested an alliance with Congress in other provinces. historians like to blame Nehru for not taking that alliance but the fact was in Bengal, Muslim League with 40 seats supported KPK with 36 seats while Congress with 54 seats and backed by 23 independents would have formed more stable govt.

Also Jinnah and Fazlul Haq conspired with Governor who gave 25 europeans and 23 schedule caste votes to their alliance.

If Jinnah had backed Congress League alliance in Bengal then history would have been different.

Even then, League has 109 seats to Congress 707 plus allies taking to 850.

The idea was in 1940, there will be a constituent assembly elections and in 1942, second elections to states would then vote for Independent India with each province choosing to stay in empire or move to Independent India.

That is why senior congress leaders did not became PMs at state level. Rajendra Prasad, Nehru, Patel, Azad, et all remained at Central level. Jinnah was too afraid to contest. He did not. He would have won in Bombay but did not take the risk.

Congress won 8 provinces, Punjab was lead by Unionists who believed in empire, Hyatt Khan however came into alliance with Congress and Akalis! His death saw partition of India as his control over muslim majority of Punjab went away to Jinnah's control.

In Bengal also, Congress was gaining control.

1942 would have seen Independent India.

You have to remember it was labor govt in Britain and liberal PM Dr. Ramsay McDonald who set the ball rolling with Gandhi. In 1940 elections, the labor would have won a majority and Clement Attlee was in favor of Indian independence.

As the british politics moved towards acceptance of Indian dominion and independence, there was a counter movement.

There was since early 1930s a group of British civil servants who planned for Indian independence and planned for creating a second state which will serve british interests and protect the Arabian interests aka OIL.

Mind it, there were factions in british civil service which were pro India also and backed Indian independence.

We are unique in our freedom struggle as our colonial masters were democratic also.

You cannot tarr "THEM" with same brush. Each democracy ahs many factions at all levels.

There was a reason why Gandhi chose the paths he did because he believed in innate goodness of democracy and its ability to control
the base nature of the beast inside the man. He was proved right.

The british technocrat groups worked at odds with each other also. They would have followed eventually the elected PM or the political masters.

That would be Attlee in 1940.

Indians are always too full of themselves. They were not the targets anymore. The OIL in Arabia was the future. British technocrats realized that long back.

But they needed a proxy to administer it, guard it and Independent India was not answer.

They approached several scholars, at Cambridge, at Oxford and at aligarh Muslim University for solutions.

They wanted a second state in the region after Independent India to control.

Again, these scholars would have worked on these as hypothetical excercises as administrative problems not as mainline conspirators. Their works were later even published.

Dr. Reginald Coupland actually published all his work on this by 1944!!

He looked at suggestion to create Christian Tribalistan in North East India under British empire and rejected it on administrative grounds. In his 1943 magnum opus.

Burma, an Indian province, was but detached from India in 1937 as was Malaya and Singapore by British technocrats.

The forthcoming Indian independence would include the indian administered Yemen, Aden, and the princely states of arabia. They were also removed in 1937 from Bombay presidency to enable separate administration of these colonies keeping them in empire. UAE was free in 1969. Yemen after a civil war in 1950s.

Reginald Coupland looked at ideas of

1. Bengal State
2. Expanded Bengal aka Ganga State
3. Deccan State
4. Indusstan

5. Rajputana

6. Princesstan

Princesttan was one favored by the technocrats backed by Winston Churchill. The Princestan would cover most of modern Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP and even Kosala part of Orissa separating North India from Deccan.

There were indications of this policy and the counter british technocrats backing India informed our leaders. Counter moves by Indian leaders started.

Nehru lead an agitation and was arrested in Nabha spending months in jail there under horrible conditions. That enabled congress to start using states populations to rally to their side.

Gandhi talked with helpful princes and they started creating constitutional monarchies with idea to merger with India. Kotah, baroda, Aundh are great examples.

Aundh King donated whole state to Future India. One would even say, Aundh was where Independent India was born in 1930s itself, the first part of India to be independent.

Why is this part of puranas and vedas or Mahbharata discussion?

Aundh trust was one that backed critical edition of Mahbharata at BORI, they set up funds for critical edition of Puranas.

Princesstan was the trump churchill thought he had which was rendered useless from 1931 onwards by efforts of Gandhi and Nehru.

Mewar and Kotah would never agree to independent rajputana so that idea was also closed by Coupland.

Jinnah was the candidate of the British technocrats group to lead second state.

As India moved to independence under its own governments, the chess game was on.

Richard Casey, Fredrick Burrows, Francis Mudie, Hugh Dow, Olaf Caroe, Henry Craik, Bernard Glancy, Lancelot Graham, Francis Wylie moved to Indian provinces as governors.

Caroe, Graham, Mudie, Dow were ring leaders and they got themselves as governors of Sindh, NWFP, Punjab and Bengal. I would add Moon of Bhwalapur to the list and several British Residents of Bhopal, Indore et all to this list.

They targeted those provinces and made sure their puppets the Muslim league were supported in that areas.

Lancelot Graham was governor of sindh, SUP won 22 seats and he got 18 of those to defect to Muslim league so they can form one govt. 1st defections. Dow and Mudie were governors of Sindh and Bengal and Bihar at various times to ensure this processes. Dow and Mudie made sure Congres and nationalist muslims never formed govt in Sindh because they needed sea access and sindh was important for that. That is why Sindh was separated from Bombay in 1936.

Sindh ensured direct ruled Baluchistan right next to OIL!!

Caroe in 1940 even booth captured couple of bye elections to get muslim league seats in NWFP without which Indusstan idea was unworkable. First booth capturing!

all this would have been useless if Attlee won the elections and he was PM. The british technocrats would have had to accept political directives.

How powerful is bureaucracy?

Vyapam scam is cheating for exams for civil service. years generations of civil servants are in their posts using cheating practises and the people affected are civil servants. For four years this is under investigation, no hullaboo as people affected are civil servants, They work in dark, secret. maybe that is why titles are secretary!!

Now it is in public eye as a political scam not a Civil servant scam! see the power of bureaucracy, the govt convicting these civil servants is under trial!!

That is the power and reach of bureaucracy.

1940 would have rolled by and Attlee would be PM and then India would be independent with no issues.

What happened?

Hitler invaded Poland! The British governor general of India declared India as a participant without asking elected congress govts.

They had to resign in protest.

Victor Alexander John Hope was one of the anti-india technocrats. remember simon commission, he was on it.

In 1930s, he became chairman of select committee on Indian constitutional reform, the organization controlling march of Indian independence and was prime reason for delay between 1932 and 1935 and again 1937 elections!!

He even declined plum posts as Governor of Madras (with interests over Malaya) and the Governor Generalship of Australia. The plum post in British empire.

His father was 1st governor general of australia!! He refused that to utter
amazement of everyone. He wanted to delay Indian independence. He took Viceroyship of India instead.

He was the one who bypassed congress govts and sacked 8 provinces where Congress had full majorities.

On the political side, Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru expressed the general feeling thus: '

Today, I say, after seven years of Lord Linlithgow's administration the country is much more divided than it was when he came here'

The world war 2 was from 1939 to 1945. 6 years. 6 years!

No british election in 1940. Churchill became PM of united british ministery, Attlee was deputy PM.

Churcill had no hope of becoming PM otherwise!!

So the British technocrats had their guy as PM!!!

6 years which ssaw death of Sikandar Hyatt and Punjab muslims now under Jinnah control. Fazlul Haq also died. The leaders who could challenge Jinnah died!!

6 years of Conservative rule and 6 years of anti india bureaucratic dominance.

They were so sure of themselves, they allowed Coupland to publish his work!!

6 years for muslim league to come from 25% of muslim vote to 86% of Muslim vote.

1945, Attlee was PM, he started the modalities of Indian independence immediately.

1946 saw Congress win 93% of general vote and Muslim League win 86% of muslim league..

In central assembly congress won 59 seats and Muslim league 30.

Genie was out of bottle.

Muslim provinces:

NWFP: Congress again won! despite Caroe's machinations.

The population was 3 million, 360K Hindus and sikhs.

the plebiscite for pakistan recorded 376K votes only, 250K for Pakistan!

See how the elections aka plebiscite was stolen! That is why any kashmir plebiscite is not possible.

The votes in 1947 plebisciite for pakistan had 250K votes for Pakistan in a state where 360K plus Hindus lived!!!!!!!

Sindh: 60 seats

Congress won 21, GM sayyad won 4 and nationalist muslim won 3 and 3 europeans and 1 labor party beat Muslim league;'s 27 seats!! They could form govt.

Both had 28 supporters but governor intervened and cheated and formed minority muslim league govt. The governor was Hugh Dow who soon moved to Bihar to forment issues! Mudie took over in Sindh!!

Punjab 175 seats

Congress 51 seats, Unionist 20 Akalis 22 others 9 against Mulsim League 73

congress actually formed govt!! but was not allowed to function.

Governor Evan Jenkins did not demobilize more than 60K returning muslim soldiers who became Musim guard under Muslim league to terrorize the province.

6 MLAs from unionists to save lives joined Muslim league, 6 others left.

Bengal 250 seats
Muslim league won 113 seats
Congress won 86 and Nationalists 12 14 independnts
But governor Richard Casey an aussie and close confidant of Churchill directed 25 europeans to vote for Muslim league!

Suhrawardy formed govt with european help and unleashed the Calcutta riots!!

Rest is history.

So, If Hitler had not started world war 2, not only 6 million jews, 2 million roma,

29 million slavs, 4 million bengali peasants in 1943 fammine, 15-20 million Chinese, millions of others would not have died.

Also, Muslim league would not have 10 years to prepare for next elections neither would they have political backing of a conservative govt in britain through the technocrat group.

The muslim hindu problem would have been resolved inside an Indian union under Indian discussions and noting that Jinnah died in 1948, his death would have broken the back of partitionists. Liaqat and others were too soft and corrupt!!

United India means no great game in afghanistan, no issues from afghanistan invasions, no 9/11, no ....

somewhere out there is an earth in another Cosmic egg of Brahma where Johann Georg Elser's plot to kill Hitler in 1939 would be a success and we would have flying cars out there and bustling cities on Mars and mines on asteroids and gas fracking on Venus. Somewhere out there.

Please read the seminal work for this The Great Game by Peter Hopkirk (i have bought several copies and people keep borrowing them and never returning them!)

Grand chesboard by Zbigniew Brzezinski, secretary state of USA and one of proponents of modern manicheanism

Karl Meyer and Shareen Blair Brysac 's Tournament of Shadows.

the 1904 Heartland theory seminal work may be part of it but does not involve Indian partition, too early.

Creation of Life...................

Earth is about 4.32 billion years old and as per Puranic description it is 1 Kalpa old. 2 Kalpa make a day and a night of a Brahma and He lives a 100 years in this life cycle. Current Brahma age is 51 years. 1 Kalpa is divided in 14 Manvataras and we are in 7^th Manvatara: in the mid of the creation and recreation process. Each Manvatara has 71 Chaturyugas and each Chaturyuga consists 4 Yugas (Krita/Satya, Treta, Dwaper and Kali).

The time period of each Yuga is calculated in Divine years as follows:

1 Humane year (360 days) = 1 Divine day (day & night) and 360 Divine days= 1 Divine year.

1 Divine year= 360*360= 12900 Humane year, and after covering that time period the humane will reach to Deva status. The time is a distance itself!

Life cycle of Chaturyuga is calculated as:

12,000 Divine years= 1 Chaturyuga

4,800 DY (Krita Yuga)+ 3,600 DY(Treta Yuga)+ 2,400 DY(Dwaper Yuga)+ 1,200 DY(Kali Yuga)

==1200,00 DY==120,000*360== 4,32,000,00 Humane Year

There are 71 such Chaturyugas in 1 Manvatara and there are 14 Manvataras in 1 Kalpa of Brahma. Afterwards, Brahma goes to sleep and the whole creation and our earth will go to dissolve for the same time period (71 Chaturyaga periods) until the new creation starts the next day of Brahma. 1 Day and Night of Brahma is end with the creation and destruction of universe and Brahma lives for 100 years!

For a normal being the reality lives in 3-dimensional objects but for the exalted one the time is perceived as another direction or plane of existence. So the future appears to us as something will happen in time at certain point and the Siddhas see the future as another dimension that they have to cover to reach that point. They are taking 12900 Humane year to reach to Devas places, consider the penances and hardships they are indulged in his life time. Though, for Devas it is mere 1 Divine year! This is the Metaphysical interpretation to represent the humane potential to reach to Devas status! The exalted one sees the universe parallel where the events are occurring simultaneously in universe while for us it seems to be happened in next Yuga cycle. Thus, time is also a dimension they can travel in.

There is a Long Living (surpassed the time and reached to another dimension) KakBhusandi (Crow-Swan) who had seen many versions of Ramayana and Mahabharat, Samudra Manthan, Koorma avatar, Mohini avatar, Varaha avatar, many Brahma, Vishnu, Vashistha, Vamana at different time periods. They may be the rebirth of earlier one as we know Atma is imperishable! They might give the feeling of Déjà vu! 

In Mahabharata, sage Lomasha told Yudhistera that this is the 3^rd time he is taking them to the same teertha. Yudhistera had gone through the same cycle two times before, but didn’t learn his lesson form life. Third time was the final visit to the same teertha and afterwards, he courageously came upfront for the war against evils. Life gives many chances to humane to correct their mistakes of previous birth, learn the unfinished lesson and act accordingly. One cannot escape with his/her karma. The entire concept of having a life is to unite Jeeva with Parmatama.

The source of the universe is the eternal Brahman; beginingless and endless, unborn and incomprehensible. It is always existing since time immemorial s as this universe is not the beginning of a creation. As per Nasaditya Sukta of Rigveda, they didn’t know who created the universe and to whom they should give havi (offerings). The ancient scriptures say the elementary composition of the universe is Sun and the rest of the universe are woven in a string (Vayu). Vayu is not just air! Vayu means which is all pervading and which takes the shape of every object in the universe.

The creation starts with principle Mahat (divine intellect) and ends with five elements (Water, Vayu, Earth, Ether/sky, and Agni) of life. The Brahman or Mahat was un-manifest and in unconscious state, Gunas were in equilibrium state. There was no change or movement or energy flow from one state to other. The Brahman or Atman was still and in tranquil state. It was in Sata or eternal state.

Vayu moves and wake Brahma, it changes the balance between gunas, allow energy to start flowing and the divine intellect came into existence. Vayu, the divine thread of the universe, or string take the form of Varaha and extracts earth from the celestial ocean. The Varaha set the earliest geography, rearrange mountains, oceans, lands, environment for the creation to start.  In the beginning there was a large ocean or celestial water (dark matter). Brahmananda is the cosmic egg lying there for an innumerable yugas. Brahma, being Vayu, Rochana (divine thread) himself, moves over the cosmic celestial ocean, brings up the earth from the bottom. This was the appearance of life and movement on earth where the wind, Vayu, the vital breath cannot be disassociated from earth.

Vayu is the life force in a body and we are alive till the life force is inside the body otherwise we are no more: the life force has left him, he is no more in the body. At the very beginning, life has taken form of a unicellular and then gradually it developed into multicellulars. Those, who were regularly striving with their surroundings, actively functioning and inactivating their cells to produce more, converted into multicellulars. 

They were endeavoring for life, for joy instead of surrendering the merciless and harsh nature. This Prana or life force is the first and last manifestation of life and movement. This Prana or Vayu is the Prabhanjana (destroyer) or Shiva also as unicellular has to be destroyed to take form of a multicellular. So Brahma (Vayu) is creating life and sacrificing himself (Shiva) for the sake of life! And, we are part of a Brahma (Super Soul) connected to the Brahma and one’s end give the new beginning to another. Passion or activity or Karma in the pursuit of knowledge or enlightenment or Satya make us the Brahma!

Beautifully the concept is explained through Puranic mythology. The Mahat (divine intellect) created the consciousness, the Purusha or Atma or Jeeva. And Prakriti is the material components prevalent in nature which configure the human brain,thoughts, and gunas. Brahma immediately created the Prajapati Ruci. Ruci is the interest, interest of life, interest to create and that interest has created through of agitation/imbalance of Gunas (Sata, Rajas, and Tamas). Ruci had 2 sons: Yagneya and Rochana. Yagneya is the chief of the universe, who manages and preserves the universe as Vishnu, destroy and unleash the pralaya as Shiva. He is the ultra powerful god of Rigveda, the Indra himself. 

Then there are many levels of creations where they created various groups of Devas, Pitras, Prajapatis, Dharmas, Rudras, Aditayas, Vasus, Ganas, Visvedevas, Maruts and etc. Prajapati daughters married Dharma and gave birth to various groups of Devas or religions who had spread to different world and different pantheons. Dharma or YamaDharma is known in all cultures across the earth, from Japanese, to Mongol, Ugrians, Finns, Scandinavians and many more.

Indra is the brain (king), which controls the Indraiyan (devas).There is the step ladder to reach to the ultimate state of Moksha:

The matter- Senses (Devas) - The mind (Indra) - Intelligence ('buddhi, or awareness) - The Soul (Moksha or Parmatama). Intelligence or Mahata is higher, the Dharma himself and finally the Parmatma. Intelligence or awareness is important to flow energy in right direction which enlighten your path. Destruction of status quo is needed to create a new beginning and Vayu take the role of Shiva or Prabhanjana and Purushartha of kama (Purusha) to break the inertia and starts a movement of Gunas. Satva Gunas (Purity) is the Moksha state or balance state, it needs a Rajas (passion or activity) in the mind as attributes to create and Satva to preserve the creation. Then Tamas to destruct (evils, greed, igo, ignorance, inactivity), though it is also opening the new door for a life to enter.

Rigvedic Indra was the first elected and conquering Indra. He was the illegitimate son of Kushika family.  This energetic young man was servicing Asura chief and would rise against their Adharma and won his independence and established Swarajya or Swargya. He was Purandara, who won several hearts and resides in their body. The transcendental interpretation is he is the God (lord of senses or devas) living inside us that needs to win the senses to become Purandara. Thus, the soul or Indra is the king of Triloki (Humane body exists in past, present and future). 

The Indras are selected from all societies whether it’s, Rishis, Kings, Daityas, Danavas, Manavas, all qualify to get the Indrahood. Prahalad, Virocana (Danavas), Viprachitti (Daityas) and many other rakshas all were Indras. There were many Indras in our ancient texts and Indra was representing a group of people who have won the past, present and future by deep penance, intellect, strength, learning and exploits.

It is shown many times that Indra is in fear to losing his throne when any rishi or king do tapa but in reality Indra is always looking for the new one who can hold His throne. Thus, he conducts many tests where he sends Apsaras (his qualified agents) to check whether they transcend the lures of flesh or desire. Apsaras denoting the lust of a man! It was not that rishi had have to deprived of women. Vishwamitra lived with Menaka for 10 years and still achieved the power to challenge the Indra and all devas and created new Swargya for Trishanku. Next step was to test the willingness and strength of a man to fight the status quo or inertia prevailing in society. The great men like Bheeshma, Drona, Kripa couldn’t pass this step, they had cowardice or unwilling (chalta hia) attitude to rise against the evil rule of Duryodhana.

Our scriptures have always been misinterpreted and wrongly translated. These scriptures are written in a way to give three interpretations:

• ·        Upachariradi (higher interpretation)--transcendental
• ·        Astiakdi (historical interpretation)
• ·        Manvadi (dharmik or bhakti interpretation)

That’s why here we see many Deva-Sura Sangram, various Avataras of Gods, various gods for different purposes, various kinds of Astras, and various kinds of species: Ghandharva, Kinnara, Apsaras, Vanara, Gaja, Naga, Garuda, Birds, Pitras, Bhuta, Ganas, Rakshas, Yakshas, and all. We take literal meaning so it appears to us blatant mythology and exaggeration. It is injustice to these huge and profound creations to see them with our narrow tinted lenses and twist their wisdom to match our shallow ideologies and to prepare arguments in support of our tiny understandings. 

It is the beauty of writing that could have compiled 3 or many interpretations that explained the historicity, spirituality and common believes of the same event. It is the beauty of the reading that could have distinguished the facts, transcendental, and bhakti meaning of the same event.  

For instance, Gayatri Mantra is not associated with any religion and we all are the descendants of ancient people who were not aware of any religion. Sun and knowledge are widespread and anyone can get enlightenment. Gayatri Mantra is the gift to mankind by the GOD! Gayatri is the form of Saraswati--the goddess of light and knowledge.

When Brahma was meditating, he uttered 3 words: bhu, Bhuvah and Svaha. Bhu is Earth, the satta, the existing and visible Loka. Then, Bhuvah means will happen in future time—the Loka of potential (Bhuvarloka) lies around you. The firmament of earth! The potential in you, which take shape in earth or cumulatively Earth’s potential as per our old philosophy “Vasudhave Kutumbkam”. Bhuvar is the distance between earth and sun and domain of Vayu. Earth is You and Sun is the light or enlightenment—the soul! Then, the Svaha loka or Swargya loka, grand loka, that ought to be reached so the purpose of Earth or You to reach that loka. And the Indra or Natha is the lord of all three worlds. These are the three states (Bhu, Bhuvah, Svaha) of the fourth dimension. Svaha is not perceivable and we are not aware where it lies.

The step ladder is: Earth—Spiritual pane—Heaven.  We do worship/Nishkam Karma at earth and aspire to reach to heaven. But heaven (Svaha) is illusion as our soul aspires to merge with Parmatama (enlightenment). That is it Sole Purpose to take birth on earth! Hence, heaven is Maya (illusion) land. Oh, and the earth is very real and our accumulated Karmas on earth decide our destiny of next birth. The Bhuvar loka or the surrounding environment or spiritual plane is the land between Earth and Swargya (or upper loka). It is the inner plane, our awareness to the truth to reach to the soul (Swargya). 

To know YOURSELF!! Know your deep routed soul and then recognize your enemy and overcome them. Renounce all undesired weights and be as light as balloon to fly on sky, be bird or aeroplane to travel on Uparichara (higher) region. Bhuvar loka, the Vayu connect beyond to the mundane and it is our potential, our passion and activity to reach to the Soul (enlightenment).

The whole Gayatri Mantra is:

 
ओम् भूः ओम् भुवः ओम् सुवः ओम् महः ओम् जनः ओम् तपः ओम् स॒त्यम् ।
ओम् तत्स॑वि॒तुर्वरे॑ण्य॒म् भर्गो॑ दे॒वस्य॑ धीमहि ।
धियो॒ यो नः॑ प्रचो॒दया॑त् ।
ओमापो॒ ज्योती॒ रसो॒ऽमृतं॒ ब्रह्म॒ भूर्भुव॒स्सुव॒रोम्)

There are 4 more states: Maha, Jana, Tapa, Satya in other dimensions. Total there are 7 upper lokas and similarly there are 7 lokas underground.

In Maharloka, the lifespan of being the Mahatamas is One Kalpa. The life time of Devas in Swargya is 1200 to 12000 years and at Maharloka, the life time of a Mahatma is a 1000 time the lifetime of a Deva. These are not just the lifespan; it is a distance that Devas need to cross to reach to Mahatama status. At that dimension time itself becomes a distance to be crossed! The Mahatama Gandhi was born at October 2, 1869 and he is still living in the millions of hearts in India and in World. He is living since 146 years and will continue to live for a century atleast. These Mahatamas or the legends live on through their ideas, their words, and their actions and we remember their lives to the eternity. Rama and Krsna are living since Treta and Dwaper Yuga and till now they have crossed higher upper lokas. These 3-dimensional lives have given immortality to these legends!  

The highest loka is the Satya Loka. This is the resident of who cross the barriers of eternal cycle of birth and death and assimilate in Super Soul (Parmatama)! Similarly, there are 7 descending lokas also known as Patala. Patala is even more splendor, beautiful, and prosper than Swarjya. Astiakadi or Historical interpretation is that the Raksha, Daityas, Danavas, Nagas, Sarameya, Vasuki and all are living in Patalas. They are defeated by Devas due to their old, stale and rigid policies and so they don’t share place with Devas and Mahatamas and given, respectfully, the underground dimensions.

Civilization--India to West...............

The Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro had developed a good trade relationship with Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Turkey around 2500 BC period.  As per Puranic descriptions, Kartavirya Arjuna built unconquered and giant naval fleet comprised thousands of war ships and built a mighty empire and ruled for 86 years.  Kartavirya Arjuna revived the fading glory of Haihayas (Yadu descendants) and Haihayas fleets prospered and accumulated lot of wealth by their sole sovereignty on overseas trade.  Yadu was the Yayati eldest son, who was denied throne and Haihayas were Yadu descendants. Hya or Chinese Xia dynasty ruled for 2100—1600 BC until the Shang dynasty overthrew them.

Kshatriyas earned enormous wealth and built a mighty Vaisya-Kshatriya empire. The another one on same line was Bhriguvanshis Brahmins with the wealth of Vaisya and they too set up a huge merchant enterprise on western ocean. The clashes between the two giants were obvious and gradually, Kshatriya merchants were becoming shorter before Brahmin merchants. Trade rivalry turned into a bloody war and Haihayas massacred all the Bhrigus and invited their assured destruction.  Thus, the first Dharma Yudha was about to begin when 17 Akshauhinis of Haihayas, 100 sons of Kartavirya, his allies and the custodian of old dharma- Vashistha arrayed against Parshuram, armies of Vishwamitra, Ikshwaku king Sagara and his cavalry force.  Probably the story revolves around mature Harappan phase. The 5 pool of blood filled with Haihayas dead. The old society was destroyed and ready to start from fresh, a new kind of Kshatriya was ready to take birth.

Parshuram was born as Brahmin and act as Kshatriya and he was referred as Vishnu avatar, a Rama with an axe! He manifested from Jamdagni’s anger, a Kshatriya anger to slay the Akarmic (inaction), aggressive, unprogressive, and Adharmic Kshatriya.  He vacated Bharata land from Kshatriyas; he conquered 18 lands.

Conflicts and contradictions among the people were arising because of incorporation and assimilation of new rules and disfavoring the old pattern of society.  The only way remained to accept the change in society for further evolution or leave this holy land. Why there had been occurred so many Deva-Assura war in remote antiquity and haven’t we seen the sudden rise of new civilizations in near nest at the same time? Do we have any historical evidences of the evolution phases of Assyrian, Akkadian, Hitties, Mittani and Greeks civilizations?

Greeks and all feudal states of Greeks developed the unconquered naval fleets and carried a long historic rivalry with the Persians for many centuries. The dynasty in the Epic of Homer is called Atreides (originated from Atri). Atri sons were Somachandra, Durvasa, and Dattatreya and KArtavirya Arjuna was the disciple of Dattatreya. PArshuram destroyed the Mithila dynasty and gave reign to Dattatreya and Dattatreya was succeeded by Nimi whose onward descendant, after few generations, would be King Janaka (Ramayana fame). King Nimi and his genealogies were greatly described in Jaina text.

Sage Atri was Brahma son (start of origin) and he had 3 wives: Aditi, Diti and Danu. Danu is similar to Don river of Russia. Adityas were born from Aditi, Daityas were born from Diti and Danavas were born from Danu. The ninety provinces and rulers of Assyrian provinces bear the Assura familiar name.  One of sons of Danu and one of the provinces of Assyria is called Sambara.  Sambara is described as assura in our mythology to whom Krishana fought and defeated.

India at ancient time (In the Epic age) was "Akhanda Bharath" which includes Aratti (Arab), Gandhar (Afghan - Kandahar), Pakistan (Kaikeya and Madra regions are from Pakistan), Today's India, Nepal, Burma (Myanmar), Tibet, Sri Lanka, some portions of China (Not entire China), Some parts of Russia (Not entire Russia), Cambodia (often referred as "Kamboja") and few other Lands of Indonesia, and ofcourse Bangladesh. These many areas were called "Maha-Bharath" too!! Yudhistera, Nahusha, Sagara were the Chakravartin Samrat who ruled the entire world/earth (Akhand Bharat). Later India is referred as Jambu Dweepa. Jambu Dweepa means land below Jambu or Jammu. There is no particular Sanskrit word for refereeing “Sub-continent”.

MitraVaruna is the Ahura Mazda. Aryamana in iranian would be Iranaman. Aryamana was sun god at one point then took other roles. Sun position is occupied on rotational basis. Mitra was the Sun at the time of Samudra Manthan and maleficed by Rahu.  Ahura Mazda means Lord of Asuras. In monotheist zoroastranism, Mitra is Mithra and Varuna is Ahura Mazda and Indra is Mazda Indra, his place is still called Mazendran.

In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, the deities Mitra, Varuna, Indra, and Nasatya (Ashvins) were invoked. Well, I can go further to the Balts and Slavic nations and the similar mythologies and Gods that they share with us. But the purpose here is to focus on to various contemporary civilizations developing in west around the period of mature Harrapan phase.  People were evolving, shunning the old ideas and old practices, developing new vibrant thoughts, incorporating new teachings and philosophies and new Dharma was established in India. New paradigm was set and society was inclining towards Vedic way of life.

There was no religion kind in Ancient India and Epic India. They had several philosophies which were continuously evolving for the betterment of life.  There is no ONE supreme path; choose middle path; choose your own way; your own will and make your path and accept the karma result.  No separate Vedic or Indus civilization as it has been taught in history since several years. Vedic and Indus traditions were part of a single society and that extended to the Central Asia so maybe someday we could find our Krsna, Arjuna, Chanakaya, and ChandraGupta had been born in Iranian land!

Vaivastava Manu (current Manu avatar) had founded 4 solar kingdoms which become 9 kingdoms and called Surya Mandala. Solar kingdom, where everybody is equal, men are equal to women! It was after 30 generations, the lunar lineages descended from Yayati. Sun and Moon were Danava before that’s why they recognized the Rahu (assura), when Mohini (Samudra-Manthan) was giving Amrit to Rahu. Assura was the society, who rejected the Sura (Wine drinking or social life or civilized life) and Deva accepted the Sura drinking. Assura were brutal, barbarians, pastoralists and uncivilized Kshatriyas who shun the Brahmin way of civilized and peaceful life. That ‘why the ParshuRam picked up the axe and started killing these barbaric Kshatriyas. We can assume that vast scale of urbanizations has also created a cohesion and struggle between the urbanized and pastoralist’s society.  As the urbanization had taken speed the uniformity in social rules, writings, cultures, and weight measures were incorporated. Miscreants Assures had denied the well formed guiding rules and rejected the socialist ideas.

Swarga was the term used for Swarajya! Indra was the title and occupied by many deserving elected persons and most of the time people fought with each other for holding the position of Indra-the ruler of the world. The elected Indra, at this period, was the supporter of rational and innovative ideas and he supported the counter riks (countering Rigveda) of Narada and his ideas of austerities, penance and renunciation for the enlightenment. This created a fissure in society and new paradigm was in its way to construct a Vedic civilization.  The Indra stood against the old guard of Dharma—The Vasishtha. Buddha, at that time, supported Rig Vedas old riks and opposed the idea of penniless rishies.  Buddha represented here the newly evolved Kshatriya who participated in Dharma Yudha and had slain uncivilized Kshatriyas. Rig Veda is a family text and each mandala is contributed by a certain rishi families and thus reflects their philosophies. 

Indra made alliances with Daityas, Chandra and Agni for spreading harmony in a society. Chandra, as per his assura nature, created a problem for Indra and that led to next Deva-Assura Sangram. There are 15 Deva-Assura sangram have been listed in Puranas and you can guess the amount of strife and struggle in the society and consequently mass exodus to distant westward lands.  The natural calamities like floods, quakes, and shrunken rivers also add up to the migrations of people to a large extent. There is an interesting story behind Chandra-Assura sangram with Devas, though I m skipping the story to not to extend the article.

Anyway, Chandra backed by Assuras and killed almost Devas. That rifted the society ideologically and culturally in different parts. Chandra got the son Buddha. Buddha married Ila and this was the start of a Lunar dynasty, philosophically. Ila was a combination of a man and a stallion and converted to a woman and married Buddha. Ila was the original goddess of Venus and all other Pantheons have goddess for planet Venus, except ours. May be they would had been parted away to different directions before Ila was replaced with Shukra (Assura Guru and Brahmin) in our mythologies. Ila was the Sumerian goddess Ishtar—the goddess of war and seduction. Ila seduced Buddha and took him away and Suryavanshi replaced the woman with a male Brahmin. They contradicted the earlier notion of men equal women. The Budhha had a son Pururava and his grandson was Nahusha, who had a vast empire extended to Turkey and near east. Nahusha and his nephew Nriga were also Indra at one time. Ancient Chaldeans and Babylonians in remote antiquity worshipped Nregala, the lord of heaven (NRIGA!) who is also an Aditya and is supported by seven wise men (Sobitti or saptarishi).

Buddha (Lunar Dynasty) son Pururva had several wives. His queen Ira is supposed to be the founder of Iranian dynasty and lady Urvashi (lived in Ur) is the most famous one and his soul mate. This was the period between 3500-3000 BC and Leonard Wooley discovered a queen’s tomb (in City Ur), made of gold, dated to 3300 BC.  This is not proof but proofs lie somewhere here, need to be unprejudiced mind while digging out the truth. Back to the story, Urvashi had been called back by Ghandharva and after several pursuance allowed to meet Pururva, once in a year. He had many sons from different other wives who shared his original kingdom.  We find many cultural similarities in Mesopotamia, Elam, Susa, Assyria, Akkad, Babylone and other surrounding civilizations.

Indra is the Verethragana of ancient Assyrians and Persians. He became over time the Vahagna (Vrahi Agni) of Armenians later called Vram (Vishnu). Both Agni and Vishnu are Indra’s deputies. Over time later Sogdians called him Wshn or Vishnu. Manicheans adopted him in their religion as Wryhrm.

Many Buddha had been born before the Siddhartha Buddha! And Siddhartha Buddha hadn’t created a new religion; Buddha means ‘enlightened one’ and he was Sakyamuni Gautam Siddhartha. It was after 100 years of his PariNirvana, his preaching and stories were compiled and in the first Buddhist council, Buddhism was dived into Mahayana and Hinyana and Buddhism as a religion has started taking shape. Earlier Buddhism was known as Kshatriya Dharma—a refined way of Kshatriyahood. From the beginning, you can see that several Dharma Yudha had been occurred to kill the adharmic Kshtriyas. Kshatriya means the particular Tamsic ideologies, manner of life, cultures, socio-political ideas and Buddha was the rebellion against the brutalism of war and massacre of people in the name of gaining kingdom. He defied the idea of animal sacrifices in victory Yajna (Aswamedha). He himself was fond of eating pork and someone knew this and served him uncooked meat and that proofed his last meal.

Near to the end of BC period, there was no division in society on religion. Maurya family was a coalition of Jain, Buddhist, Vedic and Ajivaka paths. These were not the separate religion, unlike today. ChandraGupta Maurya was a Jain and Chanakaya was a nephew of Jain Shaktar (Nanda minister). Buddhist path was called Ksatriya path after Siddhartha. Jain as Vaisya patha after Mahavira's because major followers came from Vaisya community.  Ajivaka founded by a cities Brahmin and that was based in the markets or say the limited to business community. Villagers were still following the Vedic or traditional beliefs. So these many, so called, religions evolved because of different ideologies surviving in society, like today we have so many political parties.

Sarmanic tradition is the oldest religious tradition of India. Jainism and Buddhism came out from Sarmanic tradition. Asoka, nowhere in his edict had written Buddhism, instead he mentioned Sarman, Brahman, Dhamma (Dharma), Sangha (church). Jainism (Sarmanism) is the oldest religion not in India but throughout the world. Sarmanic tradition was deep routed in Induc valley. Social equality, aesthetic religion, naked saint, ascetic life, austerities, Vanvasa, penance, Yogi Shiva/Rishaba, Sadhu are the Sarmanic way of life.  

Vedas mentioned only two temples: Jaganatha Puri and Thirumala-Thiripati. RigVeda didn’t know about god; they paid their gratitude to the various Devatas for their benevolence in the kind of wealth, nature, fire, water, rain, wind and the list goes on.  Indra was the prominent god/lord of Devata at Rigvedic time; Vishnu, Shiva and rest of gods came later. These 2 temples were already existed there, before the Vedas discovered other gods! Haven’t we thought ever that once a religion was widespread throughout India and now they have reduce to possess just one pilgrim site and only one god and that is Sravana Belagola, Karnataka!! Dharma is a Karmic Wheel and several thousand years later the Hindus faced the same bloodshed and atrocities in the name of other religion.

India is not the land of once race, one culture, one language, and one god so to impose a simple theory that some Aryans invaded India and destroyed Indus Valley civilization is the outcome of very cheap and lazy research. Before British India, there was no north-south faction, no states was divided on the basis of language; they were reigned and known by a different rulers. Now we have some 27 states based on Languages, primarily. As the time change, the society evolves to take new convenient shape and discard the old beliefs and notions. When the mighty civilizations of Persia, Greeks, Rome, and Egypt buried on ground, India is still carrying its heritage despite of several invasions, lootings and bloodshed, Why?? They have been encapsulated in their cultural strength, their rational philosophies, their open attitude for listening and assimilating logical ways and their struggle for continuous evolution. The Same Persians, Greeks, Rome, and all around Near East had succumbed to tyrants; they haven’t evolved from their old Kshatriyahood notions.

When the India was burning in the reigns of Turks, Sultanates, Pathans, Mughals, Ghori, and Gajanavies, the Bhakti galore of Tulsidas, Soordas, Meerabai, Kabir, Rahim, Sankara, and Chaitanya had given solace to the masses and kept them bound with their heritage and soil. We may disagree of Tulsi Ramayana and Meera blind Bhakti but their purpose was not to serve logics but to ignite faith in the masses for the supreme. That was the demand of time and they served perfectly. India is the land of Avataras and is the mother of all religions and civilizations. These people will come again and again when needed, in various Avatars. Humane logics have no role to play when God HIMself come down to earth to saving mankind.

Continued from Same story and different interpretations................

Ravana had a large support of Asura, Preta, and Yaksha and thus he acquired half of kingdom of Kubera. At one time, most of Preta Asure, Manava, and Gandharva followed Kubera and were called Yaksha.  Later they all got separated from each other because of internal conflicts emerged in their society. Pandavas also had a few conflicts with Yakshas in Mahabharat. It seems Yakshas were loosing trust amongst people and they needed to incorporate changes otherwise they would be thrown away from the system. Kubera was disassociated from the mainstream Deva and given an alone kingdom at polar region.

Gandharva was the heterodox and free cultural society and very different from the rigid central Indian kingdoms. They were distributed all over India and we see the major conflicts in society and the consequential Kuru-Panchal war—Mahabharat. Yaksha, Raksha, Daitya, Danavas, Manavas and anybody could be Gandharva based of their cultural preferences.  Yadavas and Panchalas societies had incorporated Gandharva culture. Yadavas was the confederation of many clans so they had divided opinions on many things. Many Gandharva rishis had created Brahmans, Arayanaka, and Upanishads on the land of Panchalas and majority of cases their mothers were Apsaras (Belonged to Gandharva community).

There are some of the allegories that are most frequently used to degrade the ancient past and thus questioned the whole civilization. Overwhelming character of Soota Putra Karna and Ekalavya are the most famous!

Soota caste to whom our modern, rebellious, and literary gem superhero Karna belonged was actually more responsible job than the Brahmin. They used to be the royal herald and the record keepers of Puranas and Vedas. Now a day, the Soota caste is reduced to a petty charioteer. Charioteer was highly revered in ancient society that’swhy the profession was adopted by Krishana, Shalya (Madra king), and Adhirath (Anga royal prince & Karna father).  They would the royal entourage who get the donations by the kings after the Aswamedha or Rajsuya Yagna. The medieval century’s editors and copiest translate the term ‘Sootaputra’ as son of charioteer. While the early English translations by English in Europe, French and Dutch all translate the term Sootaputra as “Son of Royal Herald. No curse of Parshuram was for non-brahmin status as he had plenty of non-brahmin students in his ashram including Bheesma. 

Eklavya was the Nishada, who was the son of Brahmana and Sudra. Nishada lost status by 2 nd century AD but Mahabharat is much older text. Eklavya sons were fought for Pandavas in Kurukshetera, whose father has lost his thumb because of Arjuna! As per Agni Puranas, the thumb is useful for good archery, but it is not necessary. Ring finger is more important in the science of archery. 

In Ramayana, Guha (the king of Nishada) brought 50,000 warriors to fight for Rama assuming that Bharata is going to attack Rama. The ruling family of Nishadas was the Kshatriya. Nishadha King Nala and Damyanti story is most famous. Many Yadava princes were adopted in Nishada family and Eklavya was the cousin of Krishana and not the poor tribal man victimized by Brahmana (Drona) and Kshatriya (Arjuna).

In ancient time, throne was something to be acquired by merit and not by birth. Yudu was the Yayati’s elder son and still he hadn’t got the throne because the youngest son Puru was the most appropriate for the throne. Yadu, despite of Devyani son and Sukracharya grandson didn’t deserved the throne and the son of a maid has got the throne without any socio-political hurdles. Puru was the son of Sarmishtha, who was Devyani’s maid. Dushyanta’s royal sons hadn’t got any rights on throne and Bharata (belonged to Kanva family) got the throne. His later descendant adopted his General’s son and made him king.  Shantanu and Bheesma were the General (Senapati) blood and not the Bharata.  

There are many cases can be found where the original bold or the eldest son had been denied and merits ascended the genes. Cousins and cross-cousins adoptions were wide spread and most of the times they have ascended the throne than the own sons of kings.  Pandu, Dharistara, and Vidura were the Parashara blood and they changed the original bloodline of Kuru to whom Bheesma belonged.  Societies were very vibrant and people were joining any culture and ideologies as per their intellects and beliefs and this process continuously refreshing the old ideas and dead practices.

Some customs had continued for a long time and it’s no surprise if we see the similar bride price incident at the time of Chandragupta Maurya which happened thousands of years later from the time of Pandu. Pandu got Bhalika princess (Madree) when he defeated Madra king and Chandragupta Maurya got the princess Helena after defeating Selecus Nicator! As per Armenian text, Bhalikas were the master of 15 lands. They could be as close to Madra land and stretch as far to Greek island.

Yudhistera was unanimously declared as Dharamraja after the war because of his stand against the unprogressive approach of Kuru, rigid and dead norms of society, inactive and stagnant ideas of society, oppression of people, and adharma.  He emphasis on ability and deeds rather than birth or status. Why do you think that no one in Kuru Sabha had spoken a word against Draupadi’s tragedy; Bheesma and Drona and all other elders and powerful rulers and nobles let that happened? Why Pandavas were denied throne every time and they spent most of their times in forest dwellings? The old patriarch nobles and statesmen didn’t want any change in the stale old rules, they had become comfortable with the current social norms through generations and didn’t want any vibration to the stagnant water.

This led the tendency to controlling and exploiting lives and many generations of Pandavas suffered this.  Yudhistera redeemed from his past mistakes of trusting people, to stake all of his belongings without thinking of future, to having a mild attitude for all misdeeds and to possessing the wavering ideas. The same Yudhistera who was ready to reconcile on 5 villages later was firm as rock to rage the war. 

The forest lives (Vanvassa)was the period of redemption, period of learning, period of acquiring knowledge, period of gathering strength and most of our philosophical texts, like Brahmana, Arayanka, Upanishadas, and Vedantas were the outcome of this learning and exploration.

India had been a witness of several movements that were raised against the oppressive dharma and brought out renaissance in the society. Mahavira, Buddha, Ajivakas, and several other cults and practices were the results of these revolutions